{"id":1068,"date":"2025-11-13T13:03:30","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T07:33:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/?p=1068"},"modified":"2026-03-05T01:09:03","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T19:39:03","slug":"jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/","title":{"rendered":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1068\" class=\"elementor elementor-1068\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3baa814 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3baa814\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e23bdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3e23bdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law-1024x576.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1092\" alt=\"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e - \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\" srcset=\"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93e72aa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"93e72aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-763554e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"763554e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>\u092d\u093e\u0917 1: \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/h2><h3>1.1 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923: \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/h3><p>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923) \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0906\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u0948; \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 2500 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 5000 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090b\u0937\u092d\u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0930\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u093e\u091f\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915, \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 (\u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 599-527 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935) \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915&#8217; \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0947; \u0935\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0932) \u0915\u0947 24\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930 (ford-maker) \u0925\u0947 \u0964 &#8216;\u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0930-\u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0947 (\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902) \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0928\u0947 (\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f &#8216;\u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925&#8217; (\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0925\u0947, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0964<\/p><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 23\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930, \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0925, \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 250 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 (\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 8-9 \u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935) \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 &#8216;\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u00a0 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e&#8217; \u0939\u0948, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923) \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f (Supreme Court of India) \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0902\u0925 \u092f\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0964<\/p><p>(\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917-\u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3f4e81 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f3f4e81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d84b68f elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"d84b68f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=bT8sM8vW4lI&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abf3318 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"abf3318\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e52ced elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e52ced\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>1.2 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901: \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923<\/h3><p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u0948\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p><ol><li><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e (Brahmana Tradition):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a, \u0905\u092a\u094c\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0947\u092f (divine origin) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e (Shramana Tradition):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0964 &#8216;\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 &#8216;\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e&#8217; \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e&#8217;\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925, \u0924\u092a (asceticism), \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e-\u0938\u0902\u092f\u092e (self-denial), \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 (Law of Karma) \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><\/ol><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 &#8216;\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e &#8216;\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927&#8217; \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930&#8217; (protest movement) \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0940, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0926\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935-\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f (worldview) \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 &#8216;\u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e&#8217; \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3>1.3 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e: \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/h3><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930, \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090b\u0937\u092d\u0928\u093e\u0925 (\u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0906\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><p>\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f (Archaeological Evidence):<\/p><p>\u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0949. \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915, &#8216;\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f&#8217; (pre-Aryan) \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e (Indus Valley Civilization, \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 3300\u20131300 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935) \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0916\u0928\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0941\u0939\u0930\u0947\u0902 (seals) \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u092c\u0948\u0932 (\u0935\u0943\u0937\u092d) \u0915\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0937\u092d (\u092c\u0948\u0932) \u0915\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, &#8216;\u0935\u0943\u0937\u092d&#8217; \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090b\u0937\u092d\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0902\u091b\u0928 (emblem) \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e:<\/strong> \u092e\u094b\u0939\u0928\u091c\u094b\u0926\u0921\u093c\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0921\u093c\u092a\u094d\u092a\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u091f\u0947\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u0915\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0917&#8217; (kayotsarga) \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u2014\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917\u0915\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928-\u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><\/ul><p>\u0921\u0949. \u0939\u0947\u0928\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u092e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e: &#8220;\u091c\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0942\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0906\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0927\u0941 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;\u00a0<\/p><p>\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f (Literary Evidence):<\/p><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932 &#8216;\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f&#8217; \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 (\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942) \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941, \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u0948:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u092f\u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0947\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902\u2014\u090b\u0937\u092d, \u0905\u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0928\u0947\u092e\u093f\u2014\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u0926\u094d \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0935\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u0948\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0935 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090b\u0937\u092d\u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917&#8217; (\u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0964<\/li><\/ul><p>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u093e\u091f\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090b\u0937\u092d\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 &#8216;\u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0923&#8217; (absorption) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0948, &#8216;\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f&#8217; (origination) \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 &#8216;\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915&#8217; \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e762f0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e762f0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ae0443 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ae0443\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>\u092d\u093e\u0917 2: \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e: \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f<\/h2><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0916\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u092e-\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u093f\u0924\u0941 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0941\u0913\u0902\u2014\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0947\u0924\u093e, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u2014\u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3>2.1 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e: &#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u090f\u0935\u0902 &#8216;\u0935\u0940\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0917 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217;<\/h3><p>\u092f\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0928\u093e\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p><ul><li><strong>&#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; (Jin Dharma):<\/strong> &#8216;\u091c\u0948\u0928&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 &#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0928&#8217; \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 &#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0928&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0924\u093e&#8217; (Victor)\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0927\u093f \u0909\u0928 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0913\u0902\u2014\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0927, \u092e\u093e\u0928, \u092e\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u092d\u2014\u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0940\u0924 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0947 &#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0924\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f&#8217; \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0928&#8217; \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 &#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0928&#8217; \u092d\u0917\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f (\u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e) \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0940 &#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935&#8217; (agency) \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e&#8217; (process) \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u2014\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, \u092f\u0939 &#8216;\u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f\u0940&#8217; \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><li><strong>&#8216;\u0935\u0940\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0917 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; (Vitraag Dharma):<\/strong> &#8216;\u0935\u0940\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0917&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u0935\u0940\u0924&#8217; (\u092a\u0930\u0947) + &#8216;\u0930\u093e\u0917&#8217; (\u0906\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f)\u0964 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, \u0935\u0939 \u091c\u094b &#8216;\u0930\u093e\u0917&#8217; (attachment) \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937&#8217; (aversion) \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0925\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e (\u0905\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 &#8216;\u0935\u0940\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0940&#8217; (completely detached) \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u094d\u091e&#8217; (omniscient) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 &#8216;\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930&#8217; (creator) \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0905\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0930&#8217; (incarnation) \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 &#8216;\u0935\u0940\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0924\u093e&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0939\u0941\u090f &#8216;\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u094d\u091e&#8217; \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924&#8217; (source) \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936&#8217; (ideal) \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li><\/ul><h3>2.2 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e: &#8216;\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217;<\/h3><p>\u092f\u0939 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u093f\u091f\u0915 (Pali Canon) \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0941\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 &#8216;\u0928\u093f\u0917\u0923\u094d\u0920 \u0928\u093e\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0924&#8217; (Niga\u1e47\u1e6dha N\u0101taputta) \u2014 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 &#8216;\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924\u0943 (\u0928\u093e\u0924) \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925&#8217; \u2014 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u094b\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p><p>&#8216;\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925&#8217; (Nir-granth) \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924&#8217; \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924&#8217; \u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 &#8216;\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f&#8217; (granthi) \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939&#8217; (possession) \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0906\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f&#8217; (attachment) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 &#8216;\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925&#8217; \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u094b\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 &#8216;\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0941 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u093f\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0924\u093e (non-possession) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u092a\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3>2.3 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092e: &#8216;\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217;<\/h3><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f (epigraphic) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0913\u0921\u093f\u0936\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0916\u093e\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 &#8216;\u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940\u0917\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092b\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916&#8217; (Hathigumpha Inscription) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0908\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8221; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947, \u0924\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932\u093e\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8220;\u0928\u092e\u094b \u0905\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0902&#8221; (Namo Arihantanam) \u2014 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 &#8216;\u0905\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930&#8217; \u2014 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 &#8216;\u0905\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0902\u0924&#8217; (Arhat) \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u091c\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902&#8217; \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0913\u0902 (\u0905\u0930\u093f) \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948&#8217; \u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0930\u093e\u091c&#8217; (King of Religion) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0935\u0939 &#8216;\u0905\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902&#8217; \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940\u0924 \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0905\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0902\u0926\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903, \u0907\u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; (Path of the Arhats) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3>2.4 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e: &#8216;\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923&#8217;, &#8216;\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092f&#8217; \u090f\u0935\u0902 &#8216;\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0928&#8217;<\/h3><p>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p><ul><li><strong>&#8216;\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; (Shraman Dharma):<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u2014\u092e\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f &#8216;\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e&#8217; (ascetic effort) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>&#8216;\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; (Ratnatraya Dharma):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 &#8216;\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092f&#8217; \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 &#8216;\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928&#8217; (Three Jewels), \u091c\u094b \u092e\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 (Right Faith), \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0917\u094d\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (Right Knowledge), \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Right Conduct) \u0964<\/li><li><strong>&#8216;\u0926\u0936\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; (Dasalakshana Dharma):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0938 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902\u2014\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e, \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0935, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0935, \u0936\u094c\u091a, \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u0902\u092f\u092e, \u0924\u092a, \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917, \u0906\u0915\u093f\u0902\u091a\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u2014\u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 &#8216;\u0926\u0936\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>&#8216;\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; (Sanatana Dharma):<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 &#8216;\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0928\u0924\u093e&#8217; (eternity) \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u00a0 \u0908\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f &#8216;\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0928&#8217; \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935&#8217; (vastu-svabh\u0101va) \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e, \u092a\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0932, \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0928&#8217; \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 Supreme God \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 Supreme Teacher \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0918\u093e\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fabce11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fabce11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5520ab1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5520ab1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>2.5 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e: \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/h3><p>\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0907\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p><table width=\"624\"><tbody><tr><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092e (Name)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u0936\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Literal Meaning)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Philosophical Meaning)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \/ \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d (Primary Source \/ Context)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong> (Jin Dharma)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0930\u093e\u0917-\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0940\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u093f\u0928) \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u0935\u0940\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0917 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong> (Vitraag Dharma)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0930\u093e\u0917-\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u0940\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0924\u093e (\u0935\u0940\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u094d\u091e) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong> (Nirgranth Dharma)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u093f-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 (\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0920\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924, \u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 (\u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong> (Arhat Dharma)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u092a\u0942\u091c\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0905\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f (\u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940\u0917\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092b\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong> (Shraman Dharma)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0924\u092a, \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e-\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e (Stream)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong> (Ratnatraya Dharma)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \/ \u0906\u0917\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"156\"><p><strong>\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong> (Sanatana Dharma)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 (Eternal)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 6-\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 (\u0928\u093f\u091c) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"156\"><p>\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h2>\u092d\u093e\u0917 3: \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901: \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/h2><h3>3.1 &#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217;: \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e<\/h3><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 24 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923&#8217; (Kshatriya varna) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (Jain Cosmology) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>&#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u091c\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947&#8217;\u0964 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 (\u0930\u093e\u0917-\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e&#8217; (cosmological necessity) \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 &#8216;\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930&#8217; (Videha Kshetra) \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, &#8216;\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930&#8217; \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f&#8217; (eternal land of action) \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0916-\u0926\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0938\u0926\u0948\u0935 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p><p>\u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0940 &#8216;\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e&#8217; (varna vyavasth\u0101) \u092d\u0940 &#8216;\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u0928&#8217; (beginningless and endless) \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 &#8216;\u092d\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930&#8217; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094b\u0917\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f (era of pleasure, no action) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f (era of action) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u0924\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090b\u0937\u092d\u0928\u093e\u0925 (\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0925) \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940\u0964<\/p><p>\u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0943\u0924 &#8216;\u0906\u0926\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u090b\u0937\u092d\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b &#8216;\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930&#8217; \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u0940 (&#8220;\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0939\u0947\u0937\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f: \u0938\u092e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0940\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930&#8230;&#8221;) \u0964<\/p><p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, &#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923&#8217; \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0940\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 (eternal category) \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930, \u091c\u094b \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e-\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0935\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 &#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f&#8217; \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902, &#8216;\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 &#8216;\u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940\u0924 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3>3.2 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e &#8216;\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217;: \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 (\u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923)<\/h3><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0942\u0920\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 &#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940&#8217; (Voice of the Jina) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p><p>\u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0938\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0943\u0924 &#8216;\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923&#8217;, \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u092d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u0924 &#8216;\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923&#8217; \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0935\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0923 \u0915\u0943\u0924 &#8216;\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923&#8217; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0926\u093f\u0917\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>&#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; (The True Veda of Rishis):<\/p><p>\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, &#8216;\u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 &#8216;\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d&#8217; \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e&#8217; (to know)\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 &#8216;\u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 &#8216;\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928&#8217; \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u094b \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0937&#8217; (Aarsha) \u0939\u094b\u2014\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0930\u092e &#8216;\u090b\u0937\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902&#8217; (\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0927\u0930\u094b\u0902) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u2014\u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, 20\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0938\u0941\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0915, &#8216;\u091c\u093f\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940&#8217; (\u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0902\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0926\u0947\u0936), \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e, \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e-\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0940, \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928&#8217; \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p><p>&#8216;\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; (The False Veda) \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f:<\/p><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0938\u0941\u0935\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0941\u090f (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0941\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u0930\u0915\u0926\u092e\u094d\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924) \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u0942\u0932 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0937&#8217; \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u090f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 &#8216;\u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0947 &#8216;\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; (Anaarsha Veda) \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0916\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/p><p>\u0907\u0928 &#8216;\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0925\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 &#8216;\u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0915&#8217; \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 &#8216;\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928&#8217; (violence-centric) \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; (\u091c\u093f\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940) \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094b \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0903&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p><p>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 &#8216;\u0905\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915&#8217; (non-Vedic) \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0935\u0947\u0926-\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940&#8217; \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0928 &#8216;\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0902\u0921\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0906\u091c \u091c\u093f\u0938 &#8216;\u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; \u0915\u094b \u0939\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902\u2014\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e\u2014\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b &#8216;\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928&#8217; (\u0935\u0947\u0926) \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1587acb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1587acb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8a6afc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8a6afc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>\u092d\u093e\u0917 4: \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/h2><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0942\u091c\u093e-\u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928-\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u2014\u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e, \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u2014\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u091a\u0942\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p><h3>4.1 \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e: \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f<\/h3><p>&#8216;\u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u094b \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0903&#8217; (\u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u0948)\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u0935\u0948\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p><ol><li><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e (Dravya Hinsa):<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e (Bhaav Hinsa):<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0941\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0918\u0943\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0940\u091a\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u092f\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0964<\/li><\/ol><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, &#8216;\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e&#8217; \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092f\u093e \u0918\u0943\u0923\u093e) \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0936\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f (\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e) \u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 (\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947) \u0911\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948), \u0924\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0938 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e &#8216;\u092d\u093e\u0935&#8217; \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0906\u0936\u092f&#8217; (intention) \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0925\u093e \u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 &#8216;\u0935\u0948\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e&#8217; (conceptual violence) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0918\u0943\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e, \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u2014\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092c &#8216;\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e&#8217; \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0928, \u0935\u091a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092f (\u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930)\u2014\u0924\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3>4.2 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926: \u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0920\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/h3><p>&#8216;\u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; (Anekantavada) \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928-\u092e\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e (Epistemology) \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915-\u0905\u0902\u0924-\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; (non-onesidedness)\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 (complex) \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942 (infinite aspects) \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><p>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, &#8216;\u090f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; (dogmatism) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937, \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0948\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u0907\u0938\u0940 &#8216;\u090f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0924\u093e&#8217; (fanaticism) \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u2014&#8221;\u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964&#8221;<\/p><p>\u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e (perspective) \u0938\u0947, \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 &#8216;\u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e&#8217; (Intellectual Ahimsa) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0939-\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935&#8217; (peaceful coexistence) \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p><h3>4.3 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939: \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/h3><p>&#8216;\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939&#8217; (Aparigraha) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 &#8216;\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e&#8217; (non-possession) \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0906\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917&#8217; (non-attachment)\u0964<\/p><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 &#8216;\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939&#8217; \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p><ol><li><strong>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (Internal Attachment):<\/strong> \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f &#8216;\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e&#8217; \u092f\u093e &#8216;\u0906\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f&#8217; (deep attachment) \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (External Possession):<\/strong> \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0964<\/li><\/ol><p>\u0906\u091c \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0942\u091d \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948: (1) \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e (Economic Inequality) \u0914\u0930 (2) \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f (Environmental Crisis)\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 &#8216;\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939&#8217; \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u091c\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 &#8216;\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939&#8217; (\u0932\u093e\u0932\u091a) \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 &#8216;\u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939&#8217; (hoarding) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f:<\/strong> &#8216;\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0940 &#8216;\u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; (Consumerism) \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e &#8216;\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915&#8217; \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0928 \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939&#8217; (collection beyond need) \u0939\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 (climate change), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0942\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><\/ul><p>&#8216;\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 &#8216;\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947&#8217; (limitation of desires) \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937&#8217; (contentment) \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 (sustainable) \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 (equitable) \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h2>\u092d\u093e\u0917 5: \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928: \u091b\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f<\/h2><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 (Ethics) \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 (Metaphysics) \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3>5.1 \u0937\u091f\u094d-\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f: \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932<\/h3><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u094b\u0915 (Universe) &#8216;\u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924&#8217; (eternal) \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u091b\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924, \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0926\u093f-\u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 &#8216;\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902&#8217; (Substances) \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u091b\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938&#8217; \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0947 \u091b\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p><ol><li><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935 (Jiva):<\/strong> \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f (Conscious Substance) \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e (Soul)\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923 &#8216;\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e&#8217; \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u093e&#8217; (\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e) \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 (formless) \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0932 (Pudgala):<\/strong> \u0905\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f (Non-conscious Substance) \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0930\u0942\u092a&#8217; (form) \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936, \u0930\u0938, \u0917\u0902\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 (touch, taste, smell, color) \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e &#8216;\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925&#8217; (Matter) \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e&#8217; (Energy) &#8216;\u092a\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0932&#8217; \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f (Dharmastikaya):<\/strong> \u0905\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928, \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b &#8216;\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e&#8217; (Medium of Motion) \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0905\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f (Adharmastikaya):<\/strong> \u0905\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928, \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b &#8216;\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e&#8217; (Medium of Rest) \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 (Akasha):<\/strong> \u0905\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928, \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b &#8216;\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928&#8217; (Space) \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0932 (Kala):<\/strong> \u0905\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928, \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094b &#8216;\u0938\u092e\u092f&#8217; (Time) \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u092e\u0928&#8217; (change) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><\/ol><h3>5.2 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f: \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092e\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e<\/h3><p>\u0907\u0928 \u091b\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 &#8216;\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f&#8217; \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0905\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f&#8217; \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092e\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0942\u0920\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 &#8216;\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0905\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 &#8216;\u092a\u0941\u0923\u094d\u092f&#8217; (virtue) \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u092a\u093e\u092a&#8217; (sin) \u092c\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 (objective) \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f (Medium of Motion):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f &#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924&#8217; \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0932 \u0917\u0924\u093f &#8216;\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902&#8217; \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 (\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092e\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0905\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f (Medium of Rest):<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e, \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f &#8216;\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924&#8217; \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0932 &#8216;\u0930\u0941\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902&#8217; \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947, \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0941\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u091b\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091b\u093e\u092f\u093e (\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0939 (\u091b\u093e\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902) \u0930\u0941\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0964<\/li><\/ul><p>\u092f\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0940 &#8216;\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940&#8217; (Physics) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3>5.3 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092e\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928: \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/h3><p>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092d\u0942\u0924\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0937\u091f\u094d-\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f&#8217; \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0939 &#8216;\u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923&#8217; (incomplete) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p><ol><li><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0932 (Matter &amp; Energy):<\/strong> \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 (Physics) \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u092a\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0932&#8217; \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 (Space):<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 &#8216;\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0915\u093e\u0932 (Time):<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 &#8216;\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e&#8217; \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e (dimension) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><\/ol><p>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0928\u092d\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0939\u0948:<\/p><ol><li><strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935 (Soul \/ Consciousness):<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 &#8216;\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e&#8217; \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 (\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e) \u0915\u093e &#8216;\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926&#8217; (by-product) \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0939 &#8216;\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e&#8217; \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 &#8216;\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f&#8217; (fundamental substance) \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0964 &#8216;\u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e&#8217; (Jiva) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f (Medium of Motion):<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b &#8216;\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0964<\/li><li><strong>\u0905\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f (Medium of Rest):<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 &#8216;\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e&#8217; \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/li><\/ol><p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928&#8217; (Complete Science or Omniscience) \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u0939 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902\u2014\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928 (\u091c\u0940\u0935) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928 (\u0905\u091c\u0940\u0935), \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 (\u092a\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0932) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 (\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936, \u0915\u093e\u0932, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0905\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e)\u2014\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 &#8216;\u092a\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0932&#8217; (\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925) \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><h3>5.4 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940: \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/h3><p>\u092f\u0939 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923&#8217; \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 &#8216;\u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923&#8217; \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p><table width=\"624\"><tbody><tr><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f (\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a (Its Nature)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\/\u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>1. \u091c\u0940\u0935 (Jiva)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p>\u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e \/ \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e (ConscIOUSNESS \/ Soul)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>(\u0905\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924)<\/strong> (\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926&#8217; \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>2. \u092a\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0932 (Pudgala)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (Matter &amp; Energy)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p>\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 (Matter), \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (Energy), \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0923 (Quantum Particles)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>3. \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 (Akasha)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 (Space)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p>\u0926\u093f\u0915\u094d (Space)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>4. \u0915\u093e\u0932 (Kala)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p>\u0938\u092e\u092f (Time)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p>\u0915\u093e\u0932 (Time)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>5. \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> (Dharmastikaya)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p>\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e (Medium of Motion)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>(\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>6. \u0905\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f<\/strong> (Adharmastikaya)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e (Medium of Rest)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"208\"><p><strong>(\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><sup>\u00a0<\/sup><\/p><h2>\u092d\u093e\u0917 6: \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937: \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/h2><p>\u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u091f\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0908 &#8216;\u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e&#8217; \u092f\u093e 2500 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e &#8216;\u0928\u092f\u093e \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930&#8217; (svatantra) \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924&#8217; (sh\u0101shwat) &#8216;\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923&#8217; \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948 , \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e\u00a0\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><p>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938\u0947 &#8216;\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0925 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217; \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e) \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940\u0917\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092b\u093e \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093e &#8216;\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0939\u0924 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e&#8217;) \u00a0\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 &#8216;\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0935\u0947\u0926&#8217; (\u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e) \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937&#8217; (non-Rishi) \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d\u2014&#8217;\u0905\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e&#8217; (\u0935\u0948\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e), &#8216;\u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926&#8217; (\u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928) , \u0914\u0930 &#8216;\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939&#8217; (\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928) \u2014\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p><p>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903, \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928&#8217; \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b &#8216;\u0937\u091f\u094d-\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902&#8217; \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u093e\u0928\u0947-\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u2014\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915\u2014\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p><p>\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 &#8216;\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935&#8217; \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e3316e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3e3316e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ab955b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ab955b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Sudeep Kumar Jain<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092d\u093e\u0917 1: \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 1.1 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0923: \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923) \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0906\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u0948; \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 2500 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[18,16],"class_list":["post-1068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jainism","tag-eternal-knowledge","tag-jainism-research"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915 &#039;\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928&#039; \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, 6 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sudeep Jain\"\/>\n\t<meta name=\"google-site-verification\" content=\"hhQViP4V9M2djVPLkCS-oBm79XCRQUOwvLyLJPVPaXg\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.10\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com \u2013 Samavsharan Knowledge - Authentic Jain Wisdom\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915 &#039;\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928&#039; \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, 6 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-13T07:33:30+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-04T19:39:03+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/samavsharan.knowledge\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@samavsharan\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915 &#039;\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928&#039; \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, 6 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@samavsharan\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#blogposting\",\"name\":\"\\u091c\\u0948\\u0928 \\u0926\\u0930\\u094d\\u0936\\u0928: \\u092e\\u094c\\u0932\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0936\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924 \\u0938\\u0924\\u094d\\u092f, \\u0938\\u093e\\u0930\\u094d\\u0935\\u092d\\u094c\\u092e\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0928\\u093f\\u092f\\u092e \\u090f\\u0935\\u0902 \\u092a\\u0930\\u092e \\u0935\\u093f\\u091c\\u094d\\u091e\\u093e\\u0928\",\"headline\":\"\\u091c\\u0948\\u0928 \\u0926\\u0930\\u094d\\u0936\\u0928: \\u092e\\u094c\\u0932\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0936\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924 \\u0938\\u0924\\u094d\\u092f, \\u0938\\u093e\\u0930\\u094d\\u0935\\u092d\\u094c\\u092e\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0928\\u093f\\u092f\\u092e \\u090f\\u0935\\u0902 \\u092a\\u0930\\u092e \\u0935\\u093f\\u091c\\u094d\\u091e\\u093e\\u0928\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/jainksudeepgmail-com\\\/#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":720,\"caption\":\"\\u091c\\u0948\\u0928 \\u0927\\u0930\\u094d\\u092e - \\u0938\\u0902\\u092a\\u0942\\u0930\\u094d\\u0923 \\u0935\\u093f\\u091c\\u094d\\u091e\\u093e\\u0928 \\u090f\\u0935\\u0902 \\u0936\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924 \\u0926\\u0930\\u094d\\u0936\\u0928\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-13T13:03:30+05:30\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-05T01:09:03+05:30\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"Jainism, Eternal Knowledge, Jainism Research\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/category\\\/jainism\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Jainism\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/category\\\/jainism\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Jainism\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/category\\\/jainism\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u091c\\u0948\\u0928 \\u0926\\u0930\\u094d\\u0936\\u0928: \\u092e\\u094c\\u0932\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0936\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924 \\u0938\\u0924\\u094d\\u092f, \\u0938\\u093e\\u0930\\u094d\\u0935\\u092d\\u094c\\u092e\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0928\\u093f\\u092f\\u092e \\u090f\\u0935\\u0902 \\u092a\\u0930\\u092e \\u0935\\u093f\\u091c\\u094d\\u091e\\u093e\\u0928\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\\u091c\\u0948\\u0928 \\u0926\\u0930\\u094d\\u0936\\u0928: \\u092e\\u094c\\u0932\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0936\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924 \\u0938\\u0924\\u094d\\u092f, \\u0938\\u093e\\u0930\\u094d\\u0935\\u092d\\u094c\\u092e\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0928\\u093f\\u092f\\u092e \\u090f\\u0935\\u0902 \\u092a\\u0930\\u092e \\u0935\\u093f\\u091c\\u094d\\u091e\\u093e\\u0928\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/category\\\/jainism\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Jainism\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com Samavsharan Knowledge\",\"description\":\"Samavsharan Knowledge - Authentic Jain Wisdom Samavsharan Knowledge is a digital knowledge-platform that presents authentic, research-based content on Jain dharma, philosophy, history, archeology, geography and cosmology. Our objective is to share the eternal wisdom based on the Jain Agams in a simple and logical form.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"email\":\"samavasharan.knowledge@gmail.com\",\"foundingDate\":\"2025-08-09\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"value\":1},\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/08\\\/Samavasharan-Knowledge-logo.png\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#organizationLogo\",\"width\":144,\"height\":144,\"caption\":\"Samavsharan-Knowledge-logo\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#organizationLogo\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/samavsharan.knowledge\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/samavsharan\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/samavasharan\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/youtube.com\\\/@samavsharan?si=6dJhrdTalnX8QgJa\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/jainksudeepgmail-com\\\/#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/jainksudeepgmail-com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sudeep Jain\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#authorImage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/wp-content\\\/litespeed\\\/avatar\\\/f44820f66735f467d2f0118f2b757369.jpg?ver=1785131838\",\"width\":96,\"height\":96,\"caption\":\"Sudeep Jain\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/\",\"name\":\"\\u091c\\u0948\\u0928 \\u0926\\u0930\\u094d\\u0936\\u0928: \\u092e\\u094c\\u0932\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0936\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924 \\u0938\\u0924\\u094d\\u092f, \\u0938\\u093e\\u0930\\u094d\\u0935\\u092d\\u094c\\u092e\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0928\\u093f\\u092f\\u092e \\u090f\\u0935\\u0902 \\u092a\\u0930\\u092e \\u0935\\u093f\\u091c\\u094d\\u091e\\u093e\\u0928\",\"description\":\"\\u091c\\u093e\\u0928\\u0947\\u0902 \\u0915\\u094d\\u092f\\u094b\\u0902 \\u091c\\u0948\\u0928 \\u0926\\u0930\\u094d\\u0936\\u0928 \\u090f\\u0915 '\\u092e\\u094c\\u0932\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0936\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924 \\u0935\\u093f\\u091c\\u094d\\u091e\\u093e\\u0928' \\u0939\\u0948\\u0964 \\u092f\\u0939 \\u092c\\u094d\\u0932\\u0949\\u0917 \\u0907\\u0938\\u0915\\u0940 \\u0938\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924\\u0902\\u0924\\u094d\\u0930 \\u092a\\u0939\\u091a\\u093e\\u0928, 6 \\u0926\\u094d\\u0930\\u0935\\u094d\\u092f\\u094b\\u0902 (\\u092c\\u094d\\u0930\\u0939\\u094d\\u092e\\u093e\\u0902\\u0921 \\u0935\\u093f\\u091c\\u094d\\u091e\\u093e\\u0928) \\u0914\\u0930 \\u0938\\u093e\\u0930\\u094d\\u0935\\u092d\\u094c\\u092e\\u093f\\u0915 \\u0938\\u093f\\u0926\\u094d\\u0927\\u093e\\u0902\\u0924\\u094b\\u0902 \\u0915\\u093e \\u0935\\u093f\\u0936\\u094d\\u0932\\u0947\\u0937\\u0923 \\u0915\\u0930\\u0924\\u093e \\u0939\\u0948\\u0964\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/jainksudeepgmail-com\\\/#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/author\\\/jainksudeepgmail-com\\\/#author\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#mainImage\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":720,\"caption\":\"\\u091c\\u0948\\u0928 \\u0927\\u0930\\u094d\\u092e - \\u0938\\u0902\\u092a\\u0942\\u0930\\u094d\\u0923 \\u0935\\u093f\\u091c\\u094d\\u091e\\u093e\\u0928 \\u090f\\u0935\\u0902 \\u0936\\u093e\\u0936\\u094d\\u0935\\u0924 \\u0926\\u0930\\u094d\\u0936\\u0928\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\\\/#mainImage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-13T13:03:30+05:30\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-05T01:09:03+05:30\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com Samavasharan Knowledge\",\"alternateName\":\"Samavsharan Knowledge\",\"description\":\"Samavsharan Knowledge - Authentic Jain Wisdom\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928","description":"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915 '\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928' \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, 6 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964","canonical_url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"google-site-verification":"hhQViP4V9M2djVPLkCS-oBm79XCRQUOwvLyLJPVPaXg","miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#blogposting","name":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928","headline":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/author\/jainksudeepgmail-com\/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png","width":1280,"height":720,"caption":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e - \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928"},"datePublished":"2025-11-13T13:03:30+05:30","dateModified":"2026-03-05T01:09:03+05:30","inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#webpage"},"articleSection":"Jainism, Eternal Knowledge, Jainism Research"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/category\/jainism\/#listItem","name":"Jainism"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/category\/jainism\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Jainism","item":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/category\/jainism\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#listItem","name":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en#listItem","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#listItem","position":3,"name":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/category\/jainism\/#listItem","name":"Jainism"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/#organization","name":"samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com Samavsharan Knowledge","description":"Samavsharan Knowledge - Authentic Jain Wisdom Samavsharan Knowledge is a digital knowledge-platform that presents authentic, research-based content on Jain dharma, philosophy, history, archeology, geography and cosmology. Our objective is to share the eternal wisdom based on the Jain Agams in a simple and logical form.","url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/","email":"samavasharan.knowledge@gmail.com","foundingDate":"2025-08-09","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":1},"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Samavasharan-Knowledge-logo.png","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#organizationLogo","width":144,"height":144,"caption":"Samavsharan-Knowledge-logo"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#organizationLogo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/samavsharan.knowledge","https:\/\/x.com\/samavsharan","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/samavasharan\/","https:\/\/youtube.com\/@samavsharan?si=6dJhrdTalnX8QgJa"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/author\/jainksudeepgmail-com\/#author","url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/author\/jainksudeepgmail-com\/","name":"Sudeep Jain","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#authorImage","url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/f44820f66735f467d2f0118f2b757369.jpg?ver=1785131838","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"Sudeep Jain"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/","name":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928","description":"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915 '\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928' \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, 6 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/author\/jainksudeepgmail-com\/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/author\/jainksudeepgmail-com\/#author"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#mainImage","width":1280,"height":720,"caption":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e - \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/#mainImage"},"datePublished":"2025-11-13T13:03:30+05:30","dateModified":"2026-03-05T01:09:03+05:30"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/","name":"samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com Samavasharan Knowledge","alternateName":"Samavsharan Knowledge","description":"Samavsharan Knowledge - Authentic Jain Wisdom","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"en_US","og:site_name":"samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com \u2013 Samavsharan Knowledge - Authentic Jain Wisdom","og:type":"article","og:title":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928","og:description":"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915 '\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928' \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, 6 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964","og:url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/","og:image":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png","og:image:width":"1280","og:image:height":"720","article:published_time":"2025-11-13T07:33:30+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-03-04T19:39:03+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/samavsharan.knowledge","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:site":"@samavsharan","twitter:title":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928","twitter:description":"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915 '\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928' \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, 6 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964","twitter:creator":"@samavsharan","twitter:image":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"1068","title":null,"description":"\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u090f\u0915 '\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928' \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928, 6 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964","keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928","score":58,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":9,"maxScore":9,"error":0},"keyphraseInDescription":{"score":9,"maxScore":9,"error":0},"keyphraseLength":{"score":-999,"maxScore":9,"error":1,"length":0},"keyphraseInURL":{"score":1,"maxScore":5,"error":1},"keyphraseInIntroduction":{"score":3,"maxScore":9,"error":1},"keyphraseInSubHeadings":{"score":3,"maxScore":9,"error":1},"keyphraseInImageAlt":{"score":9,"maxScore":9,"error":0},"keywordDensity":{"type":"high","score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"featured","og_image_url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png","og_image_width":"1280","og_image_height":"720","og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"featured","twitter_image_url":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Jain-Philosophy-An-Eternal-Independent-and-Universal-Law.png","twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"BlogPosting","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":[],"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"created":"2025-11-13 07:33:30","updated":"2026-03-04 19:58:46","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/category\/jainism\/\" title=\"Jainism\">Jainism<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en"},{"label":"Jainism","link":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/category\/jainism\/"},{"label":"\u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928","link":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/jain-philosophy-an-eternal-and-universal-law\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1068"}],"version-history":[{"count":53,"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1202,"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1068\/revisions\/1202"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samavsharan.vidyaaytan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}